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  Nephritic Syndrome (Nursing Lecture Notes) Nephritic Syndrome (Nursing Lecture Notes) Definition Nephritic syndrome is a renal disorder caused by inflammation of the glomeruli , resulting in leakage of red blood cells and proteins into the urine, reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and fluid retention. It is important to differentiate this condition from nephrotic syndrome , which is characterized by massive proteinuria and edema. Key Point: Nephritic = “Inflammation & Blood” → Hematuria + Hypertension + Oliguria Etiology (Causes) Nephritic syndrome can occur after infections, autoimmune reactions, or systemic diseases. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN): follows throat or skin infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Common in children. IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease): hematuria after respiratory or GI infection. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RP...

  Types of Jaundice in Pediatrics Jaundice in children refers to the yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes due to increased bilirubin levels. It is very common in newborns but can also occur in older children. Below are the main types: 1. Physiological Jaundice Cause: Immature liver enzymes leading to slow bilirubin conjugation. Onset: Appears after 24 hours, peaks at day 3–5, and resolves within 1–2 weeks. Features: Mild, self-limiting, no disease. Management: Monitoring only, usually no treatment. 2. Pathological Jaundice This occurs when bilirubin rises excessively or too early. It is always abnormal. Causes: Hemolytic: ABO or Rh incompatibility, G6PD deficiency, spherocytosis. Infections: Neonatal sepsis, TORCH infections. Metabolic/Liver disease: Crigler–Najjar syndrome, biliary atresia, galactosemia. Features: Appears within 24 hours, bilirubin rises >5 mg/dL/day, lasts >2 ...

  Principles of Disease Management and Control Principles of Disease Management and Control 1. Pseudo-dementia is also known as: A. General paralysis of insane (G.P.I) B. Gansers syndrome C. Huntington’s chorea Correct Answer: B. Ganser’s syndrome. Pseudo-dementia refers to cognitive impairment due to psychiatric causes, often depression, and is sometimes called Ganser’s syndrome. 2. In which type of schizophrenia is personality much more preserved? A. Paranoid schizophrenia B. Catatonic schizophrenia C. Hebephrenic schizophrenia Correct Answer: A. Paranoid schizophrenia. Patients with paranoid type usually retain personality and cognitive functions better than other forms. 3. Which of the following is NOT a type of psychopath? A. Aggressive psychopath B. Depressive psychopath C. Creative psychopath Correct A...

  Nursing Quiz Login to Access the Quiz Enter the password to continue: Login Nursing Quiz (10 Questions) 1. A baby born 8 hours ago was examined and had yellowish discoloration of his eyes. The conclusion is: Pathological jaundice Physiological jaundice Blood incompatibility Correct Answer: A Rationale: Jaundice within 8 hours of life is most likely pathological. 2. A diabetic mother delivered a large-for-date baby. The reason is: Deposition of fats Polycythaemia Hyperinsulinism Correct Answer: C Rationale: Excess glucose leads to foetal hyperinsulinism, causing excessive growth. 3. A 22-year-old food vendor presents with purulent vaginal discharge after intercourse. Gonorrhoea test is positi...

  NMC Surgery & Surgical Nursing Quiz NMC SURGERY & SURGICAL NURSING ~ EliteNurses Consult 1. The reason why patients are placed prone for half an hour 4 times daily after undergoing mid-thigh amputation is to: A. Prevent flexion of contractures B. Improve circulation in remaining tissue C. Ensure optimum stump shape 2. Ama Norya, a 42-year-old mother of three, has been transferred to your ward from the recovery ward after myomectomy. As the recipient Nurse, your first nursing action will be to: A. Check for vital signs B. Assess for pain C. Check rate of IV infusion 3. Fluid replacement for a patient with severe burns during the immediate hypovolemic stage is considered satisfactory if the urinary output is approximately: A. Half the intake B. Equal to the intake C. One-third of intake 4. Which of the following is a feature of pre-eclampsia? A. Increased hepatic transaminases ...

  Below is the structure of the Registered Public Health Nursing (RPHN) Licensing Examination: Paper 1 Principles of Public Health Nursing – 180 MCQs Duration:  3 hours Paper 2 Principles of Disease Management and Control – 180 MCQs Duration:  3 hours Paper 3 General Paper – 100 MCQs Duration:  1 hour 30 minutes Paper 4 Practical Examination – Community and Preventive Health  • Home visits and community assessment  • Child welfare clinic activities  • Antenatal and postnatal services in the community  • Health education and promotion  • Immunization services  • Screening and surveillance activities Paper 5 Care Study (Community Health Focus)-FCC The RPHN Care Study assesses the candidate’s ability to apply the nursing process in community/public health settings. Candidates are expected to:  1. Introduction  • Brief description of the community/family/individual chosen.  2. Community/Family Assessment  • Demographics, ...

  Below is the structure of the Registered Mental Health Nursing (RMHN) Licensing Examination: Paper 1 Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing – 180 MCQs Duration : 3 hours Paper 2 Psychiatry, Psychopathology, and Psychopharmacology – 180 MCQs Duration:  3 hours Paper 3 General Paper – 100 MCQs Duration:  1 hour 30 minutes Paper 4 Practical Examination – Psychiatric Nursing Practice  • Mental status examination (MSE)  • Therapeutic communication and interviewing skills  • Crisis intervention and counseling techniques  • Administration of psychotropic medications and monitoring side effects  • Group therapy participation and documentation  • Use of restraints and seclusion according to guidelines  • Rehabilitation and community reintegration support Paper 5 Care Study (Psychiatric Focus) The Care Study for Mental Health Nursing evaluates a candidate’s ability to apply the nursing process in psychiatric and mental health care. Candi...

  Below is the structure of the Nurse Assistant Clinical (NAC/NAP) Licensing Examination : Paper 1 Basic Clinical Nursing – 180 MCQs Duration:  3 hours Paper 2 Basic Practical Nursing /PREVENTIVE NURSING FOR NAPS– 180 MCQs Duration:  3 hours Paper 3 General Paper – 100 MCQs Duration:  1 hour 30 minutes Paper 4 Practical Examination – Clinical Nursing Procedures  • Basic patient care  • Vital signs monitoring  • Bed making and patient comfort measures  • Aseptic techniques and infection prevention  • Medication administration under supervision  • Wound dressing and basic nursing skills Note:  • Unlike RGN and RM, NAC/NAP students  do not  do a Care Study (Paper 5).  • The focus is on mastering fundamental nursing skills and demonstrating competence in safe, effective bedside care. Note:   Adequate preparation in both theory and clinical practice is essential for success in the examination. JOIN OUR PREMIUM ON TELE...

  Below is the structure of the Registered Midwifery (RM) Licensing Examination: Paper 1 Paediatrics, Obstetric Anatomy, and Management of High-Risk Neonates – 180 MCQs Duration:  3 hours Paper 2 Midwifery – 180 MCQs Duration:  3 hours Paper 3 General Paper – 100 MCQs Duration:  1 hour 30 minutes Paper 4 Practical Examination – Basic Nursing and Midwifery Practice  • Antenatal care  • Intrapartum care (labour and delivery)  • Postnatal care  • Newborn care Paper 5 Care Study (Care Plan)-FCMC The Care Study for midwifery focuses on the nursing and midwifery process in maternal and newborn care. Candidates are expected to:  1. Introduction  • Client’s profile (gravida, parity, age, reason for admission).  2. History Taking & Assessment  • Obstetric history (LMP, EDD, previous pregnancies, antenatal care).  • Current complaint and examination findings.  • Relevant lab/scan investigations.  3. Midwifery/Nursing D...