Types of Jaundice in Pediatrics Jaundice in children refers to the yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes due to increased bilirubin levels. It is very common in newborns but can also occur in older children. Below are the main types: 1. Physiological Jaundice Cause: Immature liver enzymes leading to slow bilirubin conjugation. Onset: Appears after 24 hours, peaks at day 3–5, and resolves within 1–2 weeks. Features: Mild, self-limiting, no disease. Management: Monitoring only, usually no treatment. 2. Pathological Jaundice This occurs when bilirubin rises excessively or too early. It is always abnormal. Causes: Hemolytic: ABO or Rh incompatibility, G6PD deficiency, spherocytosis. Infections: Neonatal sepsis, TORCH infections. Metabolic/Liver disease: Crigler–Najjar syndrome, biliary atresia, galactosemia. Features: Appears within 24 hours, bilirubin rises >5 mg/dL/day, lasts >2 ...
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