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  Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH): Causes, Risks & Treatment | Nursing Guide PPH Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH): Causes, Risks & Treatment A clear, practical guide for nursing students and healthcare providers By Elite Nurses Consult • Updated: November 12, 2024 🔍 What is PPH? Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is excessive bleeding after childbirth — typically defined as blood loss > 1 litre (33 fl oz) . PPH commonly occurs within the first 24 hours after delivery but can happen up to 12 weeks postpartum. If uncontrolled, it can lead to hypovolemic shock and organ compromise. ⚠️ Types of PPH Primary PPH: within 24 hours after delivery. Secondary (Late) PPH: 24 hours to 12 weeks postpartum. 💡 Causes — The 4 Ts Mnemonic Tone: Uterine atony (inadequate uterine contraction) — the most common cause. ...

  Gestational Diabetes (GDM): Nursing Notes & NMC 2026 Prep | EliteNurses Consult Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) — Nursing Notes & NMC 2026 Prep A clear, exam-focused guide for nursing students — causes, screening, management and nursing care. Join EliteNurses Consult — NMC 2026 Premium Batch What is Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)? Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance first recognized during pregnancy. It affects around 2%–5% of pregnant women and represents nearly 90% of pregnancy-related diabetes cases. Definition GDM is a metabolic disorder causing carbohydrate intolerance and variable hyperglycemia that begins or is first detected during pregnancy. Pathophysiology Placental and pregnancy hormones (HPL, estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, cortisol) decrease insulin effectiveness. If pancreatic beta cells cannot compensate by in...

  APGAR Score — Complete Nursing Guide | EliteNurses EN APGAR Score — Complete Nursing Guide for EliteNurses A concise, exam-focused and clinical reference for nursing students preparing for the NMC and clinical practice. Includes scoring, interpretation, nursing actions, mnemonic aids and a sample NMC-style question. For NMC 2026 Revision • Quick Reference Tutor: EliteNurses 💥 Join our Premium group for NMC 2026 Batch! Exclusive quizzes, mock tests, answer walkthroughs, and focused tutorials tailored to the 2026 NMC syllabus. 1️⃣ Use this link: EliteNurses Premium Group Introduction & Purpose The APGAR score is a rapid clinical tool developed by Dr. Virginia Apgar (1952) to evaluate a newborn’s immediate physiological status and to determine whether urgent resuscitative measures are ...